Philippine geography 101: The list of cities

Here's is the complete list of cities in the Philippines. Cebu City remains the oldest city in the country under Spanish colonization while Manila is the current capital of the Philippines.

My hometown which is the City of Ilagan is celebrating its 12th citihood anniversary today. It is the 143rd to officially became a city in 2012.

	City	Province	Region	Legal class*	Charter	Date of Approval	Date of Ratification
1	Manila	none	NCR	HUC	Act 0183	July 31, 1901	July 31, 1901
2	Baguio	Benguet	CAR	HUC	Act 1963	September 1, 1909	September 1, 1909
3	Zamboanga City	Zamboanga del Sur	IX	HUC	CA 039	October 12, 1936	February 26, 1937
4	Davao City	Davao del Sur	XI	HUC	CA 051	October 16, 1936	March 1, 1937
5	Iloilo City	Iloilo	VI	HUC	CA 057	October 20, 1936	August 25, 1937
6	Cebu City	Cebu	VII	HUC	CA 058	October 20, 1936	February 24, 1937
7	Bacolod	Negros Occidental	VI	HUC	CA 326	June 18, 1938	October 19, 1938
8	Tagaytay	Cavite	IV-A	CC	CA 338	June 21, 1938	June 21, 1938
9	Quezon City	none	NCR	HUC	CA 502	October 12, 1939	October 12, 1939
10	San Pablo	Laguna	IV-A	CC	CA 520	May 7, 1940	March 30, 1941
11	Cavite City	Cavite	IV-A	CC	CA 547	May 26, 1940	May 26, 1940
12	Marawi	Lanao del Sur	BARMM	CC	CA 592	August 19, 1940	September 30, 1950
13	Lipa	Batangas	IV-A	CC	RA 00162	June 20, 1947	June 20, 1947
14	Dagupan	Pangasinan	I	ICC	RA 00170	June 20, 1947	June 20, 1947
15	Ormoc	Leyte	VIII	ICC	RA 00179	June 21, 1947	October 20, 1947
16	Pasay	none	NCR	HUC	RA 00183	June 21, 1947	August 16, 1947
17	Naga	Camarines Sur	V	ICC	RA 00305	June 18, 1948	June 18, 1948
18	Ozamiz	Misamis Occidental	X	CC	RA 00321	June 19, 1948	June 19, 1948
19	Dumaguete	Negros Oriental	VII	CC	RA 00327	July 15, 1948	November 24, 1948
20	Calbayog	Samar	VIII	CC	RA 00328	July 15, 1948	October 16, 1948
21	Cagayan de Oro	Misamis Oriental	X	HUC	RA 00521	June 15, 1950	June 15, 1950
22	Butuan	Agusan del Norte	XIII	HUC	RA 00523	June 15, 1950	August 2, 1950
23	Iligan	Lanao del Norte	X	HUC	RA 00525	June 16, 1950	June 16, 1950
24	Cabanatuan	Nueva Ecija	III	CC	RA 00526	June 16, 1950	July 24, 1950
25	Roxas	Capiz	VI	CC	RA 00603	April 11, 1951	May 12, 1951
26	Tacloban	Leyte	VIII	HUC	RA 00760	June 20, 1952	June 12, 1953
27	Trece Martires	Cavite	IV-A	CC	RA 00981	May 24, 1954	January 1, 1956
28	Silay	Negros Occidental	VI	CC	RA 01621	June 12, 1957	June 12, 1957
29	Legazpi	Albay	V	CC	RA 02234	June 12, 1959	June 12, 1959
30	Cotabato City	Maguindanao del Norte	XII	ICC	RA 02364	June 20, 1959	June 20, 1959
31	San Carlos	Negros Occidental	VI	CC	RA 02643	June 18, 1960	June 18, 1960
32	Gingoog	Misamis Oriental	X	CC	RA 02668	June 18, 1960	June 18, 1960
33	Toledo	Cebu	VII	CC	RA 02688	June 18, 1960	June 18, 1960
34	Danao	Cebu	VII	CC	RA 03028	June 7, 1961	June 7, 1961
35	Lapu-Lapu City	Cebu	VII	HUC	RA 03134	June 17, 1961	December 31, 1961
36	Lucena	Quezon	IV-A	HUC	RA 03271	June 17, 1961	August 19, 1962
37	Caloocan	none	NCR	HUC	RA 03278	June 17, 1961	February 16, 1962
38	Canlaon	Negros Oriental	VII	CC	RA 03445	June 18, 1961	June 18, 1961
39	Angeles City	Pampanga	III	HUC	RA 03700	June 22, 1963	January 1, 1964
40	Dapitan	Zamboanga del Norte	IX	CC	RA 03811	June 22, 1963	June 22, 1963
41	Bago	Negros Occidental	VI	CC	RA 04382	June 19, 1965	February 19, 1966
42	Palayan	Nueva Ecija	III	CC	RA 04475	June 19, 1965	June 19, 1965
43	San Carlos	Pangasinan	I	CC	RA 04487	June 19, 1965	January 1, 1966
44	Laoag	Ilocos Norte	I	CC	RA 04584	June 19, 1965	January 1, 1966
45	La Carlota	Negros Occidental	VI	CC	RA 04585	June 19, 1965	January 22, 1966
46	Olongapo	Zambales	III	HUC	RA 04645	June 1, 1966	June 1, 1966
47	Tagbilaran	Bohol	VII	CC	RA 04660	June 18, 1966	July 1, 1966
48	Cadiz	Negros Occidental	VI	CC	RA 04894	June 17, 1967	July 4, 1967
49	Tangub	Misamis Occidental	X	CC	RA 05131	June 17, 1967	February 28, 1968
50	Iriga	Camarines Sur	V	CC	RA 05261	June 15, 1968	September 3, 1968
51	General Santos	South Cotabato	XII	HUC	RA 05412	June 15, 1968	June 15, 1968
52	Bais	Negros Oriental	VII	CC	RA 05444	September 9, 1968	September 9, 1968
53	Pagadian	Zamboanga del Sur	IX	CC	RA 05478	June 21, 1969	June 21, 1969
54	Batangas City	Batangas	IV-A	CC	RA 05495	June 21, 1969	June 21, 1969
55	Oroquieta	Misamis Occidental	X	CC	RA 05518	June 21, 1969	January 1, 1970
56	Mandaue	Cebu	VII	HUC	RA 05519	June 21, 1969	August 30, 1969
57	Dipolog	Zamboanga del Norte	IX	CC	RA 05520	June 21, 1969	January 1, 1970
58	Puerto Princesa	Palawan	Mimaropa	HUC	RA 05906	June 21, 1969	January 1, 1970
59	San Jose	Nueva Ecija	III	CC	RA 06051	August 4, 1969	August 4, 1969
60	Surigao City	Surigao del Norte	XIII	CC	RA 06134	August 31, 1970	August 31, 1970
61	Mandaluyong	none	NCR	HUC	RA 07675	February 9, 1994	April 10, 1994
62	Santiago	Isabela	II	ICC	RA 07720	May 5, 1994	July 3, 1994
63	Pasig	none	NCR	HUC	RA 07829	December 8, 1994	January 21, 1995
64	Makati	none	NCR	HUC	RA 07854	January 2, 1995	February 4, 1995
65	Muntinlupa	none	NCR	HUC	RA 07926	March 1, 1995	May 8, 1995
66	Sagay	Negros Occidental	VI	CC	RA 08192	June 11, 1996	August 10, 1996
67	Marikina	none	NCR	HUC	RA 08223	November 6, 1996	December 7, 1996
68	Las Piñas	none	NCR	HUC	RA 08251	February 12, 1997	March 26, 1997
69	Kabankalan	Negros Occidental	VI	CC	RA 08297	June 6, 1997	August 2, 1997
70	Passi	Iloilo	VI	CC	RA 08469	January 30, 1998	March 14, 1998
71	Samal	Davao del Norte	XI	CC	RA 08471	January 30, 1998	March 7, 1998
72	Tagum	Davao del Norte	XI	CC	RA 08472	January 30, 1998	March 7, 1998
73	Calapan	Oriental Mindoro	Mimaropa	CC	RA 08475	February 2, 1998	March 21, 1998
74	Urdaneta	Pangasinan	I	CC	RA 08480	February 10, 1998	March 21, 1998
75	Taguig	none	NCR	HUC	RA 08487	February 11, 1998	December 8, 2004
76	Victorias	Negros Occidental	VI	CC	RA 08488	February 11, 1998	March 21, 1998
77	Talisay	Negros Occidental	VI	CC	RA 08489	February 11, 1998	February 11, 1998
78	Malaybalay	Bukidnon	X	CC	RA 08490	February 11, 1998	March 22, 1998
79	Kidapawan	Cotabato	XII	CC	RA 08500	February 12, 1998	March 22, 1998
80	Parañaque	none	NCR	HUC	RA 08507	February 13, 1998	March 22, 1998
81	Antipolo	Rizal	IV-A	CC	RA 08508	February 13, 1998	April 4, 1998
82	San Fernando	La Union	I	CC	RA 08509	February 13, 1998	March 20, 1998
83	Valenzuela	none	NCR	HUC	RA 08526	February 14, 1998	December 30, 1998
84	Tarlac City	Tarlac	III	CC	RA 08593	March 12, 1998	April 19, 1998
85	Malolos	Bulacan	III	CC	RA 08754	November 4, 1999	December 18, 1999
86	Tuguegarao	Cagayan	II	CC	RA 08755	November 4, 1999	December 18, 1999
87	Maasin	Southern Leyte	VIII	CC	RA 08796	July 11, 2000	August 10, 2000
88	San Jose del Monte	Bulacan	III	CC	RA 08797	July 15, 2000	September 10, 2000
89	Digos	Davao del Sur	XI	CC	RA 08798	June 15, 2000	September 8, 2000
90	Koronadal	South Cotabato	XII	CC	RA 08803	August 16, 2000	October 8, 2000
91	Bislig	Surigao del Sur	XIII	CC	RA 08804	August 16, 2000	September 18, 2000
92	Tacurong	Sultan Kudarat	XII	CC	RA 08805	August 16, 2000	September 18, 2000
93	Sorsogon City	Sorsogon	V	CC	RA 08806	August 16, 2000	December 16, 2000
94	Masbate City	Masbate	V	CC	RA 08807	August 16, 2000	September 30, 2000
95	Muñoz	Nueva Ecija	III	CC	RA 08977	November 7, 2000	December 9, 2000
96	Talisay	Cebu	VII	CC	RA 08979	November 22, 2000	December 30, 2000
97	Bayawan	Negros Oriental	VII	CC	RA 08983	December 5, 2000	December 23, 2000
98	Balanga	Bataan	III	CC	RA 08984	December 5, 2000	December 30, 2000
99	Valencia	Bukidnon	X	CC	RA 08985	December 5, 2000	December 30, 2000
100	Vigan	Ilocos Sur	I	CC	RA 08988	December 27, 2000	January 22, 2001
101	San Fernando	Pampanga	III	CC	RA 08990	January 26, 2001	February 3, 2001
102	Tanauan	Batangas	IV-A	CC	RA 09005	February 2, 2001	March 10, 2001
103	Ligao	Albay	V	CC	RA 09008	February 21, 2001	March 24, 2001
104	Escalante	Negros Occidental	VI	CC	RA 09014	February 28, 2001	March 31, 2001
105	Panabo	Davao del Norte	XI	CC	RA 09015	February 28, 2001	March 31, 2001
106	Cauayan	Isabela	II	CC	RA 09017	February 28, 2001	March 28, 2001
107	Candon	Ilocos Sur	I	CC	RA 09018	March 5, 2001	March 28, 2001
108	Malabon	none	NCR	HUC	RA 09019	March 5, 2001	April 21, 2001
109	Tabaco	Albay	V	CC	RA 09020	March 5, 2001	March 24, 2001
110	Gapan	Nueva Ecija	III	CC	RA 09022	March 5, 2001	August 25, 2001
111	Isabela	Basilan	IX	CC	RA 09023	March 5, 2001	April 25, 2001
112	Calamba	Laguna	IV-A	CC	RA 09024	March 5, 2001	April 21, 2001
113	Alaminos	Pangasinan	I	CC	RA 09025	March 5, 2001	March 28, 2001
114	Tanjay	Negros Oriental	VII	CC	RA 09026	March 5, 2001	March 31, 2001
115	Sipalay	Negros Occidental	VI	CC	RA 09027	March 5, 2001	March 31, 2001
116	Himamaylan	Negros Occidental	VI	CC	RA 09028	March 5, 2001	March 31, 2001
117	Santa Rosa	Laguna	IV-A	CC	RA 09264	March 10, 2004	July 10, 2004
118	Meycauayan	Bulacan	III	CC	RA 09356	October 2, 2006	December 10, 2006
119	Navotas	none	NCR	HUC	RA 09387	March 10, 2007	June 24, 2007
120	San Juan	none	NCR	HUC	RA 09388	March 11, 2007	June 16, 2007
121	Baybay	Leyte	VIII	CC	RA 09389	March 15, 2007	June 16, 2007
122	Bogo	Cebu	VII	CC	RA 09390	March 15, 2007	June 16, 2007
123	Catbalogan	Samar	VIII	CC	RA 09391	March 15, 2007	June 16, 2007
124	Tandag	Surigao del Sur	XIII	CC	RA 09392	March 15, 2007	June 23, 2007
125	Lamitan	Basilan	BARMM	CC	RA 09393	March 15, 2007	June 18, 2007
126	Borongan	Eastern Samar	VIII	CC	RA 09394	March 16, 2007	June 20, 2007
127	Tayabas	Quezon	IV-A	CC	RA 09398	March 18, 2007	July 14, 2007
128	Tabuk	Kalinga	CAR	CC	RA 09404	March 23, 2007	June 23, 2007
129	Bayugan	Agusan del Sur	XIII	CC	RA 09405	March 23, 2007	June 20, 2007
130	Batac	Ilocos Norte	I	CC	RA 09407	March 24, 2007	June 23, 2007
131	Mati	Davao Oriental	XI	CC	RA 09408	March 24, 2007	June 18, 2007
132	Guihulngan	Negros Oriental	VII	CC	RA 09409	March 24, 2007	July 14, 2007
133	Cabadbaran	Agusan del Norte	XIII	CC	RA 09434	April 12, 2007	July 28, 2007
134	El Salvador	Misamis Oriental	X	CC	RA 09435	April 12, 2007	June 27, 2007
135	Carcar	Cebu	VII	CC	RA 09436	April 15, 2007	July 1, 2007
136	Naga	Cebu	VII	CC	RA 09491	July 15, 2007	September 2, 2007
137	Dasmariñas	Cavite	IV-A	CC	RA 09723	October 15, 2009	November 25, 2009
138	Biñan	Laguna	IV-A	CC	RA 09740	October 30, 2009	February 2, 2010
139	Bacoor	Cavite	IV-A	CC	RA 10160	April 10, 2012	June 23, 2012
140	Imus	Cavite	IV-A	CC	RA 10161	April 10, 2012	June 30, 2012
141	Cabuyao	Laguna	IV-A	CC	RA 10163	May 16, 2012	August 4, 2012
142	Mabalacat	Pampanga	III	CC	RA 10164	May 15, 2012	July 21, 2012
143	Ilagan	Isabela	II	CC	RA 10169	June 21, 2012	August 11, 2012
144	San Pedro	Laguna	IV-A	CC	RA 10420	March 27, 2013	December 28, 2013
145	General Trias	Cavite	IV-A	CC	RA 10675	August 19, 2015	December 12, 2015
146	Santo Tomas	Batangas	IV-A	CC	RA 11086	October 5, 2018	September 7, 2019
147	Calaca	Batangas	IV-A	CC	RA 11544	May 26, 2021	September 3, 2022
148	Baliwag	Bulacan	III	CC	RA 11929	July 30, 2022	December 17, 2022
149	Carmona	Cavite	IV-A	CC	RA 11938	February 23, 2023	July 8, 2023

*Legal class:

• HUC - Highly Urbanized City
• ICC - Independent Component City
• CC - Component City

Filipino national anthem (Cebuano)

Yutang tabunon
Mutya nga masilakon
Putling bahandi
Amo kang gimahal

Mithing gisimba
Yuta’s mga bayani
Sa malupigon
Padagapigan ka

Ang mga bungtod mo ug lapyahan
Ang langit mong bughaw
Nagahulad sa awit, lamdag sa
Kaliwat tang gawas

Silaw sa adlaw ug bitoon
Sa nasudnong bandila
Nagatimaan nga buhion ta
Ang atong pagkausa

Yutang maanyag, duyan ka sa pagmahal
Landong sa langit ang dughan mo;
Pakatam-ison namo kon maulipon ka
Ang kamatayon sa ngalan mo.

Pambansang awit ng Pilipinas (Tagalog)

Bayang magiliw

Perlas ng Silanganan,
Alab ng puso,
Sa dibdib mo’y buhay.
Lupang Hinirang,
Duyan ka ng magiting,
Sa manlulupig,
Di ka pasisiil.
Sa dagat at bundok,
Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw,
May dilag ang tula
At awit sa paglayang minamahal.
Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y
Tagumpay na nagniningning,
Ang bituin at araw niya
Kailan pa ma’y di magdidilim.
Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati’t pagsinta,
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo;
Aming ligaya, na pag may mang-aapi
Ang mamatay nang dahil sa iyo.

This version was a translation based from the original Spanish version in 1956 with a slight revision in 1960s. It was made offical then. On February 12, 1998, the Republic Act No. 8491 prohibits further translation of the anthem in another Philippine language. Case in point, the local government of Misamis Oriental sung the Philippine national anthem in Bisaya version.

Source: Misamis Oriental LGU in hot water over Bisaya singing of Lupang Hinirang

Bisaya is still considered a Filipino language and it should be allowed to sing in the local language and the Republic Act No. 8491 should be repelled.

It's friendship day

Today is a celebration of YOU, to all of my amazing pals, both local and distant! I am grateful that you have brought so much joy, strength, and treasured memories into my life. I cherish every moment we spend together since everyone of you adds something unique to my life.

As we are now in the digtal space, let me give you some tips to manage your friends on your Facebook account:

1. Review Your Friends List: Review your your friends list regulary to ensure that it reflects your current relationships and interests. Consider unfriending or unfollowing people you no longer interact with or whose posts do not align with your preferences. If there's no single conversation, my recommendation is to click that delete button immediately.
2. Use Lists or Groups: Utilize Facebook's features such as friend lists or groups to organize your connections based on different criteria, such as family, friends, colleagues, or interests. This allows you to control who sees your posts and tailor your interactions accordingly.
3. Adjust Privacy Settings: Customize your privacy settings to control who can see your posts, photos, and personal information. You can choose to share content with specific friends, lists, or customize privacy settings for individual posts.
4. Unfollow or Snooze: If you don't want to unfriend someone but are tired of seeing their posts, you can choose to unfollow or snooze them. This allows you to remain friends but stops their posts from appearing in your news feed temporarily or indefinitely.
5. Set Boundaries: Establish boundaries for accepting friend requests and engaging with others on Facebook. You don't have to accept every friend request you receive, and it's okay to ignore or decline requests from people you don't know or feel uncomfortable connecting with.
6. Be Mindful of Tagging and Sharing: Be cautious about tagging friends in posts or sharing content that may be sensitive or private without their consent. Respect others' privacy preferences and ask for permission before tagging them in photos or posts.
7. Engage Meaningfully: Focus on quality over quantity when it comes to interacting with friends on Facebook. Engage in meaningful conversations, comment on posts, and share content that adds value to your relationships and connections.
8. Report or Block if Necessary: If you encounter harassment, bullying, or inappropriate behavior from a Facebook friend, don't hesitate to report or block them. Facebook has tools in place to help you manage unwanted interactions and maintain a safe online environment.

Most of my friends are from the Philippine Entertainment industry, from High School, Workmates from various companies, relatives, and churchmates.

In the days to come, let's continue to treasure our relationship, encourage one another, and create even more incredible memories. Cheers to the strength of friendship and the amazing relationships that enhance our life! 🌟💖 #FriendsForever #Grateful #InternationalFriendshipDay

How to not getting cancelled by anti cha cha?

It can be difficult to navigate the public debate landscape, particularly when it comes to divisive topics like change. The following tactics can assist you in avoiding getting "cancelled" by people who disagree with your reformist viewpoints:

1. Empathy and Understanding
   Actively Listen to Understand the worries and anxieties held by those who oppose reform. This will enable you to more skillfully handle their concerns.
   Demonstrate Empathy: Even if you disagree, respect their viewpoint and validate their emotions.
2. Be respectful and avoid using inflammatory or derogatory language when communicating. A more positive atmosphere is fostered by courteous conversation.
   Make Your Intentions Clear: Clearly state the objectives and advantages of the changes. Describe how they solve current issues and give concrete instances.
3. Fact-Based Arguments: Employ Data and Evidence: Provide reliable data, research, and examples to back up your claims. This can strengthen your argument and make it more difficult to refute.
   Dispel Myths: Correct false information politely by providing accurate information. Have references ready to support any statements you make.
4. Forge Common Ground: Locate points of agreement and expand from there to form alliances. Confident beliefs can serve as a starting point for more fruitful conversations.Engage Moderates: Assist those who may be receptive to change but harbor reservations. They can assist in bridging the extremes.
5. Accountability and Transparency: Be Accountable: Clearly communicate your reasoning, methodology, and any possible effects of the changes. Openness has the power to foster trust.
   Recognize Errors: If errors occur, state forthright what went wrong and how it will be fixed. Credibility can be improved by accountability.
6. Effective Use of Media:Craft Your Message: Tailor your message for different platforms and audiences. Use compelling narratives and visuals to make your case.Engage Positively: Use social media and other platforms to engage positively with critics. Highlight success stories and testimonials from those who have benefited from reforms.
7. Legal and Ethical Considerations: Understand the Law: Recognize the legal ramifications of the changes you are trying to implement. Make sure what you do complies with all applicable rules and regulations.Ethics: Uphold the highest moral standards. Maintaining integrity might help you avoid negative publicity and save face.
8. Constant Learning and Adaptation: Remain Current: Stay abreast of the most recent advancements in your sector and be prepared to modify your strategy in light of fresh data.Learn from Feedback: Make use of helpful criticism to hone your tactics and strengthen your positions.

These tactics will help you interact with reform opponents more skillfully and lower your chances of being "cancelled." The idea is to encourage courteous, fact-based, and candid communication that acknowledges concerns and advances constructive change.

Unfollow these unauthorized social media accounts

Here are some examples of unauthorized groups on the Facebook platform:

1. Piracy and Hacking Groups: These groups promote illegal activities such as distributing pirated software, movies, music, and other copyrighted content. They may also offer hacking tools, tutorials, and services, violating Facebook's terms of service and intellectual property laws.

2. Hate Speech and Extremist Groups: Groups that propagate hate speech, racism, xenophobia, and extremist ideologies are unauthorized on Facebook. They often incite violence, discrimination, and harassment against individuals or communities based on race, religion, ethnicity, or other characteristics.

3. Misinformation and Conspiracy Theories: These groups spread false information, conspiracy theories, and fake news about various topics, including health, politics, and social issues. They can mislead and harm the public, particularly during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.

4. Illegal Trade and Black Market Groups: Groups involved in the sale of illegal goods and services, such as drugs, weapons, counterfeit products, and human trafficking, are strictly prohibited on Facebook. These activities are not only illegal but also pose significant risks to users.

5. Scam and Fraudulent Groups: These groups engage in scams, fraud, and phishing schemes to deceive and exploit users for financial gain. They might promote get-rich-quick schemes, fake lotteries, and other fraudulent activities.

6. Adult Content and Exploitation Groups: Groups that share explicit adult content, promote pornography, or exploit individuals sexually are unauthorized. This includes any group involved in human trafficking, child exploitation, or non-consensual sharing of intimate images.

7. Violent and Criminal Organizations: Groups affiliated with criminal organizations, gangs, or terrorist groups are banned from the platform. They may use Facebook to recruit members, coordinate activities, or glorify violence.

These groups violate Facebook's community standards and can lead to serious consequences, including legal action and permanent bans from the platform. Facebook actively monitors and removes such groups to ensure the safety and security of its users.